Keluaran 17:8-13

Victory over the Amalekites

17:8 ¹ Amalek came ²  and attacked ³  Israel in Rephidim. 17:9 So Moses said to Joshua, “Choose some of our ⁴  men and go out, fight against Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on top of the hill with the staff of God in my hand.”

17:10 So Joshua fought against Amalek just as Moses had instructed him; ⁵ and Moses and Aaron and Hur went up to the top of the hill. 17:11 Whenever Moses would raise his hands, ⁶  then Israel prevailed, but whenever he would rest ⁷  his hands, then Amalek prevailed. 17:12 When ⁸  the hands of Moses became heavy, ⁹  they took a stone and put it under him, and Aaron and Hur held up his hands, one on one side and one on the other, ¹⁰  and so his hands were steady ¹¹  until the sun went down. 17:13 So Joshua destroyed ¹²  Amalek and his army ¹³  with the sword. ¹⁴ 

Keluaran 24:13

24:13 So Moses set out ¹⁵  with ¹⁶  Joshua his attendant, and Moses went up the mountain of God.

Keluaran 33:11

33:11 The Lord would speak to Moses face to face, ¹⁷  the way a person speaks ¹⁸  to a friend. Then Moses ¹⁹  would return to the camp, but his servant, Joshua son of Nun, a young man, did not leave the tent. ²⁰ 

[17:8]  ¹ sn This short passage gives the first account of Israel’s holy wars. The war effort and Moses’ holding up his hands go side by side until the victory is won and commemorated. Many have used this as an example of intercessory prayer – but the passage makes no such mention. In Exodus so far the staff of God is the token of the power of God; when Moses used it, God demonstrated his power. To use the staff of God was to say that God did it; to fight without the staff was to face defeat. Using the staff of God was a way of submitting to and depending on the power of God in all areas of life. The first part of the story reports the attack and the preparation for the battle (8,9). The second part describes the battle and its outcome (10-13). The final section is the preservation of this event in the memory of Israel (14-16).

[17:8]  ² tn Heb “and Amalek came”; NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV “the Amalekites.”

[17:8]  ³ tn Or “fought with.”

[17:9]  ⁴ tn This could be rendered literally “choose men for us.” But the lamed (ל) preposition probably indicates possession, “our men,” and the fact that Joshua was to choose from Israel, as well as the fact that there is no article on “men,” indicates he was to select some to fight.

[17:10]  ⁵ tn The line in Hebrew reads literally: And Joshua did as Moses had said to him, to fight with Amalek. The infinitive construct is epexegetical, explaining what Joshua did that was in compliance with Moses’ words.

[17:11]  ⁶ tn The two verbs in the temporal clauses are by וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (vÿhaya ka’asher, “as long as” or, “and it was that whenever”). This indicates that the two imperfect tenses should be given a frequentative translation, probably a customary imperfect.

[17:11]  ⁷ tn Or “lower.”

[17:12]  ⁸ tn Literally “now the hands of Moses,” the disjunctive vav (ו) introduces a circumstantial clause here – of time.

[17:12]  ⁹ tn The term used here is the adjective כְּבֵדִים (kÿvedim). It means “heavy,” but in this context the idea is more that of being tired. This is the important word that was used in the plague stories: when the heart of Pharaoh was hard, then the Israelites did not gain their freedom or victory. Likewise here, when the staff was lowered because Moses’ hands were “heavy,” Israel started to lose.

[17:12]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “from this, one, and from this, one.”

[17:12]  ¹¹ tn The word “steady” is אֱמוּנָה (’emuna) from the root אָמַן (’aman). The word usually means “faithfulness.” Here is a good illustration of the basic idea of the word – firm, steady, reliable, dependable. There may be a double entendre here; on the one hand it simply says that his hands were stayed so that Israel might win, but on the other hand it is portraying Moses as steady, firm, reliable, faithful. The point is that whatever God commissioned as the means or agency of power – to Moses a staff, to the Christians the Spirit – the people of God had to know that the victory came from God alone.

[17:13]  ¹² tn The verb means “disabled, weakened, prostrated.” It is used a couple of times in the Bible to describe how man dies and is powerless (see Job 14:10; Isa 14:12).

[17:13]  ¹³ tn Or “people.”

[17:13]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “mouth of the sword.” It means as the sword devours – without quarter (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 159).

[24:13]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and he arose” meaning “started to go.”

[24:13]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and.”

[33:11]  ¹⁷ tn “Face to face” is circumstantial to the action of the verb, explaining how they spoke (see GKC 489-90 §156.c). The point of this note of friendly relationship with Moses is that Moses was “at home” in this tent speaking with God. Moses would derive courage from this when he interceded for the people (B. Jacob, Exodus, 966).

[33:11]  ¹⁸ tn The verb in this clause is a progressive imperfect.

[33:11]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[33:11]  ²⁰ sn Moses did not live in the tent. But Joshua remained there most of the time to guard the tent, it seems, lest any of the people approach it out of curiosity.